Rough-legged hawk Buteo lagopus

Identification Tips:

• Large buteo
• Long, broad, rounded wings
• Hooked beak
• Broad tail
• Yellow legs and cere
• Sometimes hovers in flight
• Wings held in slight dihedral

Dark phase adult:

• Very dark plumage
• Flight feathers barred and paler than wing linings
• Dark trailing edge to flight feathers
• Dark wrist
• Broad, dark, subterminal band on tail
• Female has white base to tail; male has dark tail with thin paler bars

Dark phase immature:

• Plumage similar to dark phase adult but may be browner
• Subterminal tail band less distinct than on adult
• Whitish area on upper surface of primaries
• Tail pale with indistinct darker bars

Light phase adult:

• Wide, dark, subterminal tail band
• Upperparts dark brown with some mottling
• Dark wrist contrasting with mottled wing linings and paler flight feathers
• Females have darker bellies than males; males have darker breasts

Light phase immature:

• Plumage similar to adult light phase female
• Belly black
• White area on upper surface of primaries
• Dark subterminal tail band on light tail with dark bars

Similar species:

The Rough-legged Hawk is quite variable with light and dark phases, male, female, and immature plumages. The broad, dark, subterminal tail band and black wrist patches are diagnostic. Northern Harrier has thinner wings and lacks white in the tail. Dark phase Ferruginous Hawk has white comma in the wrist. Harlan's Hawk has more mottling on the underparts and has a whiter upper surface of the tail.