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The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Route Level Geographic Information. 

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Route Geographic Information Summaries.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Attribute files for Arc View shape files
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Laurel, MD, USA
Publisher: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Online_Linkage: <http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/geographic_information/BBS_Rouote_Analysis_metadata_2010.html>
Description:
Abstract:
Map products on this website consist of a series of shape- and data-files that summarize population change and relative abundance for North American Birds from North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Metadata for the BBS provides specific information on the analysis programs and summary information. Metadata on digitized maps and route paths are described here.
Purpose:
These data sets are designed to provide public access to analysis results from BBS data. A statement regarding the elements of the website, and a general discussion of the methods, is available at (<../intro00.html>). Analysis of survey data can be controversial, and any user of the information should recognize that alternative approaches exist. These programs provide results based on methods that have been accepted in the published literature for many years, but also provide alternative approaches to analysis. Users also have access to actual data from the survey, at (<http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/>). Standard disclaimers for use of information are also provided (<../disclaim.html>).
Supplemental_Information:
Information regarding the function of individual elements of the website are available throughout the site, and include help files.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1966
Ending_Date: Various
Currentness_Reference:
Provided on initial website (<../bbs.html>).
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent: The United States and Southern Canada
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.41
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -59.8
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.71
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.35
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Breeding Bird Survey
Theme_Keyword: Breeding Bird Survey Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Bird Counts
Theme_Keyword: Bird Occurrences
Theme_Keyword: Bird Lists
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: USA
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Canada
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Taxonomic_Keywords: birds
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Name: Animalia
Applicable_Common_Name: animals
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Name: Chordata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Name: Aves
Applicable_Common_Name: birds

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center would be appreciated in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: John R. Sauer
Contact_Organization: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 12100 Beech Forest Road
City: Laurel
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20708-4039
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-497-5662
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrsauer at usgs.gov
Native_Data_Set_Environment: UNIX, Sun Workstation
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Survey Route paths for the North American Breeding Bird Survey were digitized from road coverages derived from the Census Bureau TIGER database (https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/tiger-geodatabases.html). State boundaries and Bird Conservation Region boundaries on maps are derived from ESRI mapping products and Mays made available from Bird Studies Canada (http://www.birdscanada.org/research/gislab/?targetpg=bcr). Referenced websites contain additional metadata on boundary and route path geographic data
Logical_Consistency_Report:
For mapping applications, Arc/INFO software was used to create and maintain topological relationships between features. The Arc/INFO command BUILD was run to ensure the topological consistency of the data set.
Completeness_Report:
Maps contain route location arcs which cover the land mass for North America except Mexico and the Northern part of Canada.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type:   In the present version of this website, bird data are not provided for association with the route shape file. Data are available for download from the Breeding Bird Survey Operations Website (http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/). Recommended analyses of data and summaries we provided from earlier analyses are described here. These analyses consist of  summary of data at scale of individual survey routes.  Relative abundance is indexed by simple means of data for each species of routes between various years, as described on the primary website.  Trend analysis of change on the routes was accomplished using Poisson regression methods over all years the routes were surveyed during the interval 1966 - present year of analysis, and observer differences were acoommodated using covariates.  For route-level summaries, those data were summarized by species, and data are supplied to users as text files that can be associated with Arc View shape files.
 Geographic smoothing for polygon-based maps is conducted using inverse distancing of route data.  For these analyses, a fortran program was written to conduct inverse-distancing of the route-level trends described above, and the centerpoint of the polygons was used as the location of the polygon in the analysis.  See Sauer, Pendleton, and Orsillo (1995) for details on this approach to geographic smoothing of data.   These data were also summarized by species, and data are supplied to users as text files that can be associated with Arc View shape files.
 
Methodology_Description: ../trendin.html  Method has been documented in numerous publications.  These publications describe the methods:

Sauer, J. R., and S. Droege, editors.  1990.  Survey designs and statistical methods for the estimation of

                avian population trends. U. S. Fish. Wildl. Serv., Biol. Rept. 90(1).

Geissler, P. H., and J. R. Sauer.  1990.  Topics in route regression analysis. Pgs 54‑57 in J. R. Sauer and

                S. Droege, eds. Survey designs and statistical methods  for the estimation of avian population

                trends. U. S. Fish. Wildl. Serv., Biol. Rept. 90(1).

Sauer, J. R., and P. H. Geissler.  1990.  Annual indices from route regression analyses. Pgs 58‑62 in

                J. R. Sauer and S. Droege, eds. Survey designs and statistical methods for the estimation of

                avian population trends. U. S. Fish. Wildl. Serv., Biol. Rept. 90(1).

Sauer, J. R., R. J. Barker, and P.H. Geissler.  1994.  Statistical aspects of modeling population change

                from population size data. Pages 451‑466 in R. J. Kendall and T. E. Lacher, Jr., eds.,

                Wildlife toxicology and population modeling: integrated studies of agroecosystems,

                CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl.

Sauer, J. R., Peterjohn, B. G., and Link, W. A.  1994.  Observer differences in the North American

                Breeding Bird Survey. Auk 111:50‑62.

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer.  1994. Estimating equations estimates of trends. Bird Populations 2:23‑32.

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer.  1995.  Estimation of empirical mixing distributions in summary

                analyses.  Biometrics 51:810‑821.

Sauer, J. R., G. W. Pendleton, and S. Orsillo.  1995. Mapping of bird  distributions from point count

                 surveys. Pages 151‑160 in C. J. Ralph, J. R. Sauer, and S. Droege, eds. Monitoring Bird

                Populations by Point Counts, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station,

                General Technical Report PSW‑GTR‑149.

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer.  1996.  Extremes in ecology: avoiding the misleading effects of sampling

                 variation in summary analyses.  Ecology 77:1633-1640.

Kendall, W. L., B. G. Peterjohn, and J. R. Sauer.  1996.  First-time observer effects in the North

                American Breeding Bird Survey. Auk 113:823-829.

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer.  1997.  New Approaches to the  Analysis of Population Trends in

                Land Birds" A Comment on Statistical Methods. Ecology 78:2632-2634..

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer.  1997.  Estimation of population trajectories from count data. 

                Biometrics 53:63-72.

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer  1998.  Estimating population change from count data: application to the

                North American Breeding Bird Survey.  Ecological Applications 8:258‑268.

  
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Analyses were conducted on a Sun workstation using FORTRAN programs.
Process_Date: Various, 2004.

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: BBS Routes.
Entity_Type_Definition: Routes used for conducting the Breeding Bird Survey.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: rteno
Attribute_Definition:
The route number consists of the 1- or 2-digit State ID code followed by the 3 digit route ID.

ID Number for States and Provinces:  2 Alabama 3 Alaska 4 Alberta 6 Arizona 7 Arkansas 11 British Columbia 14 California 17 Colorado 18 Connecticut 21 Delaware 22 District of Columbia 25 Florida 27 Georgia 33 Idaho 34 Illinois 35 Indiana 36 Iowa 38 Kansas 39 Kentucky 42 Louisiana 43 Northwest Territories 44 Maine 45 Manitoba 46 Maryland 47 Massachusetts 49 Michigan 50 Minnesota 51 Mississippi 52 Missouri 53 Montana 54 Nebraska 55 Nevada 56 New Brunswick 57 Newfoundland 58 New Hampshire 59 New Jersey 60 New Mexico 61 New York 63 North Carolina 64 North Dakota 65 Nova Scotia 66 Ohio 67 Oklahoma 68 Ontario 69 Oregon 72 Pennsylvania 75 Prince Edward Island 76 Quebec 77 Rhode Island 79 Saskatchewan 80 South Carolina 81 South Dakota 82 Tennessee 83 Texas 85 Utah 87 Vermont 88 Virginia 89 Washington 90 West Virginia 91 Wisconsin 92 Wyoming 93 Yukon Territories

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2001
Range_Domain_Maximum: 93314
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: John Sauer
Contact_Organization: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 12100 Beech Forest Road
City: Laurel
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20708-4039
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-497-5662
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrsauer at usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data be directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey and USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Unknown
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: <../bbs2003.html>
Fees: There is no charge for the online option.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20030425
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: John Sauer
Contact_Organization: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 12100 Beech Forest Road
City: Laurel
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20708-4039
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-497-5662
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrsauer at usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 29.5
Standard_Parallel: 45.5
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23
False_Easting: 0
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.016384
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.016384
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Generated by mp version 2.7.3 on Fri Apr 25 15:23:21 2003